What pathogens threaten the South American sea lions at Peninsula Valdes?

$120
Pledged
3%
Funded
$4,840
Goal
15
Days Left
  • $120
    pledged
  • 3%
    funded
  • 15
    days left

About This Project

Infectious diseases are a growing threat to marine mammals worldwide contributing significantly to mortality events. To date, little is known regarding infectious diseases and pathogens affecting South American Sea lions (SASL) at Península Valdes. We will conduct a study to identify pathogens and infectious diseases that could be affecting SASL health and assess the risk to human health related to zoonotic diseases.

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What is the context of this research?

The South American Sea Lions (SASL) is one of the most charismatic inhabitants of Peninsula Valdes. As a top predator, it plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems, making its conservation essential. In 2023, the outbreak of avian influenza severely affected SASL populations, killing at least 24.000 SASL along the South Américan shore, highlighting the impact of infectious diseases on conservation. However, infectious diseases have been poorly studied in the SASL of Peninsula Valdes. A preliminary study shows the presence of tuberculosis, a zoonotic disease, and several microorganisms have been isolated from healthy, sick and dead animals, including Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus equi, Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp and mycoplasmas. We want to improve our knowledge of the pathogens circulating in the SASL and understand the role of infectious diseases in their mortality events.

What is the significance of this project?

Peninsula Valdes is unique for its biodiversity and for providing ecosystem services of great importance to the region and the world. In this ecosystem, sea lions act as sentinels of environmental and human health. Infectious disease is increasingly recognized as a major driver of species declines. This project allows us to gather information about the microorganisms that circulate in SASL at Peninsula Valdes, helping us to understand how pathogens and infectious diseases impact their health and conservation status. This study is especially important because it will allow us to identify zoonotic pathogens. Scuba Diving and snorkelling with SASL is an important tourism activity that promotes close contact with animals, potentially facilitating pathogens transmission. Our results will be instrumental in raising awareness about the risks associated with interactions with SASL, which will help promote the implementation of sustainable ecotourism practices.

What are the goals of the project?

The primary goal of this project is to identify pathogens in samples of SASL from Peninsula Valdes and to understand how they could contribute to diseases and mortality in this population. We also focus on those microorganisms that could be transmitted between SASL and people. Specifically, we will collect fresh dead-stranded SASL, perform autopsies, and collect tissue samples and any noted lesions. We will also collect blood samples and swabs from live SASL. The samples will be analyzed with microscopy and molecular techniques to identify pathogens and infectious diseases. Blood samples will be used for haematology and serology tests, which will tell us a story about exposure to infectious diseases. This is the first step to implementing a sea lion health surveillance program and assessing the risk of pathogen emergence and circulation in the coastal ecosystem and at the human/animal interface.

Budget

Sampling items (swabs, sterile tubes, others).
$300
Biosafety equipment (globes, disposable coveralls, N95 mask, others)
$400
Autopsy and histology supplies
$400
PCR reagents and sequence analysis
$2,200
Haematological and serological tests
$1,000
12% administrative charges (Platform Fee & currency conversion.)
$540

The requested funds will be used to purchase sampling material, biosecurity equipment, and reagents for histological and molecular assays (PCR) and to perform some haematological and serological tests. These funds will also allow us to send our samples to a sequencing laboratory after PCR. We currently have more than 50 samples from stranded sea lions. The budget will allow us to improve our analytical and sampling capacity. The cost of fieldwork will be covered with external funds.

Endorsed by

This project is vital for conservation and public health. Understanding pathogens in South American Sea Lions will help mitigate disease risks, protecting both wildlife and human communities in Patagonia. The research team has extensive expertise in marine mammal health and disease surveillance. With proper funding, they will identify key pathogens and establish long-term monitoring. I fully support this effort and encourage donors to contribute, making a lasting impact on marine conservation.

Project Timeline

Laboratory supplies will be purchased during the first 2 months. We already have over 50 samples collected that will be analyzed by the end of August 2025. Field work will begin in April, except for autopsies, which will be performed throughout the year. Blood samples and swabs will be collected during April and May. New samples will be analyzed by the end of 2025. The results will be submitted for publication in a scientific journal in March 2026.

Mar 10, 2025

Project Launched

Mar 11, 2025

Starting beach surveys: looking for stranded (sick or dead) sea lions.

May 31, 2025

Supplies acquisition

Aug 31, 2025

Laboratory analysis of samples collected in previous years.

Oct 31, 2025

Conduct fieldwork to collect blood samples and swabs

Meet the Team

Carla Daniela Fiorito
Carla Daniela Fiorito
Veterinary. PhD. Researcher.

Affiliates

Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR - CONICET)
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Lucas Federico Arce
Lucas Federico Arce
BSc Biological Sciences

Affiliates

University of Buenos Aires - FCEN
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Pablo Meyer
Pablo Meyer
Veterinary. Specialist in Small Animal Surgery

Affiliates

Faculty of Veterinary Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires​.
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Carla Daniela Fiorito

I am a marine mammal veterinarian and researcher at the Center for the Study of Marine Systems (CESIMAR) - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) in Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
Growing up in Patagonia, I was always fascinated by dolphins and whales. At just five years old, I dreamed of becoming a "whale vet"—and I made it happen!
In 2007, I earned my veterinary degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Buenos Aires. Shortly after, I moved to Puerto Madryn to work with marine mammals, where I pursued my PhD and postdoctoral research focusing on Southern Right Whale skin diseases.
Since 2011, I have been a dedicated volunteer with the Chubut Coastal Wildlife Network, responding to marine mammal strandings and conducting necropsies.
My research centres on marine mammal infectious diseases and pathogens, particularly zoonotic ones, due to their potential impact on public health. Using a multidisciplinary approach that combines histology, pathology, and molecular biology, I strive to better characterize disease conditions affecting marine mammals in Patagonia.
I am deeply passionate about my work, whether it’s long hours at the microscope or heading into the field for hands-on research. When you work with marine mammals, every day brings a new challenge, and I embrace each one with passion and dedication.

Lucas Federico Arce

I am a biologist from the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, currently pursuing a PhD in Biology at the University of Buenos Aires in the Department of Physiology and Molecular Biology. My passion for the unique and diverse natural world of Patagonia has driven me since my teenage years, and I am deeply committed to advancing research and conservation efforts in this region.

Throughout my career, I have come to understand that a healthier planet is impossible without addressing the health of wildlife, and it was during my specialization in marine mammals that I discovered the crucial role these animals play. As sentinels of the conservation status of aquatic ecosystems, sea lions are particularly fascinating to study—given their proximity to humans and vulnerability to environmental changes.

During my training, I had the privilege of working with Gerardo Suzán Aspiri's research group in Mexico, where I gained essential fieldwork skills in disease ecology. At the University of Buenos Aires, I honed my expertise in molecular biology and bioinformatics, gaining valuable insights into population genetics and evolutionary contexts. This knowledge has provided a deeper understanding of the origins and potential spread of infectious agents in wildlife.

Now, I am living my long-awaited dream of applying these skills and knowledge to the conservation and study of the sea lions of Patagonia, a cause that is close to my heart.

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Pablo Meyer

I am a veterinarian who graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires in 1986. As a professor at this institution and a specialist in small animal surgery, I have dedicated my career to both education and practice.

Since 2000, I have spent three months each year working in the Peninsula Valdés protected natural area in Chubut, Argentina. Over the years, I have collaborated on orca photo-identification projects, participated in southern right whale sampling, and conducted necropsies on various marine mammal species. Currently, I lead a project focused on sea lion necropsies at Punta Norte, where my surgical expertise has enhanced the efficiency and precision of post-mortem examinations.

The ocean, its wildlife, and marine ecology have always been my passion. I actively share my experiences to raise awareness about conservation and the protection of Argentina’s natural areas. In addition to my work as a veterinarian and researcher, I am an avid nature photographer. I use my images in graduate and postgraduate classes, as well as on social media, to inspire students and the general public to care for the oceans.


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