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Guevavi Mission has the largest concentration of Sobaipuri-O’odham houses known. While we know from historic documents that San Xavier was the largest O’odham community in the colonial period, there is no question that Guevavi currently has the densest and best preserved concentration of O’odham houses on the Santa Cruz River. There are six concentrations of O’odham houses.

Interspersed with these and overlying them are six adobe-walled structures. These adobes are distinctive and clearly represent later construction. The question is, when were they built? We know of several churches that were built, but there is also historical and new archaeological evidence that occupation here continued for centuries and that many new adobes were constructed through time.

Guevavi was also the most important village from a European standpoint as it became the main mission or cabecera. It was the center of Spanish civilization for a number of years in the 1600s and 1700s in what is now southern Arizona. Father Eusebio Kino visited here on his first trip into southern Arizona in 1691 where the only other village he visited was the place he called San Cayetano del Tumacacori.

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