Chris

good fortune!

ketosis is also a product of fasting.

Prof. Fine, what do you think should be the next step in light of these findings?

that should provide fairly sufficient time to see some effects, I assume.

Gene, do we have an approximate on how long it will last?

Gene, do you think this could be helpful. It was published just a few days ago: "If you think of ROS as fire, then NADPH is like the water used by cancer cells to douse the flames," Dr. DeBerardinis said. But how could NADPH from the PPP help deal with the stress of ROS produced in a completely different part of the cell? "What we did was to discover how this happens," Dr. DeBerardinis said. The current study in Nature demonstrates that cancer cells use a "piggybacking" system to carry reducing equivalents from the PPP into the mitochondria. This movement involves an unusual reaction in the cytosol that transfers reducing equivalents from NADPH to a molecule called citrate, similar to a reversed reaction of the Krebs cycle, he said. The citrate then enters the mitochondria and stimulates another pathway that results in the release of reducing equivalents to produce NADPH right at the location of ROS creation, allowing the cancer cells to survive and grow without the benefit of matrix attachment. "We knew that both the PPP and Krebs cycle provide metabolic benefits to cancer cells. But we had no idea that they were linked in this unusual fashion," he said. "Strikingly, normal cells were unable to transport NADPH by this mechanism, and died as a result of the high ROS levels." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature17393.html

thank you for the explanation Gene!

yes, it makes sense!

Dr. Fine, do you think the lower ATP in cancer cells is directly involved in UCP2 overexpression? is the lower ATP correlated with the % AcAc to the medium?

Thank you Rose!

Gene, the findings seem to be consistent with data that's out there. especially in terms of the correlation between UCP2 and Warburg. I'm sure you are familiar with this study: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0024792